The collection of pictures of Heidecksburg Palace contains 1,100 objects from various genres of the 16th to the 20th century. Almost 500 of them are portraits mainly depicting persons of the princely house of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, their relatives and rulers of other principalities. In addition, the collection includes paintings of landscapes, still lives, interiors and pictures of animals, mythological, historical and religious themes. About 120 pictures belong to contemporary art from Thuringia after 1945.